The Genera of Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae and Swartzieae
The Genera of Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae and Swartzieae | |
#1. <Synonyms - i.e. genera included in the current description:>/
#2. <= Sensu lato genus: i.e. genus in which this taxon might reasonably be (or sometimes is) included:>/
#3. <Habit:>/
1. trees/
2. shrubs/
3. herbs/
4. climbers or scramblers/
#4. <Presence of tendrils:>/
1. with tendrils/
2. without tendrils/
#5. <Whether plants armed:>/
1. <plants> armed <with prickles and/or spines>/
2. <plants> unarmed/
#6. <Presence of specialised ‘short shoots’:>/
1. leaves and inflorescences crowded on ‘short shoots’ <or new shoots>/
2. without specialized ‘short shoots’/
#7. Phyllotaxy/
1. distichous/
2. spiral/
#8. Leaves <overall form>/
1. compound/
2. simple <or unifoliolate>/
3. <not compound but> two-lobed <or deeply emarginate>/
4. reduced to phyllodes, and/or the leaflets tiny and early-caducous/
#9. Leaves <mature compound, form>/
1. <mostly> pinnate <with three or more leaflets>/
2. <mostly> bipinnate/
3. bifoliate <i.e., a compound leaf>/
#10. Leaves <bipinnate, insertion of pinnae>/
1. with <mostly> opposite or sub-opposite pinnae/
2. with alternate pinnae/
#11. Leaves <bipinnate, insertion of leaflets (pinnules)>/
1. with opposite or sub-opposite leaflets/
2. with alternate leaflets/
#12. Leaves <pinnation type>/
1. <commonly> imparipinnate <with well developed terminal leaflets: include trifoliate and digitate>/
2. <all> paripinnate <include unijugate>/
#13. Leaves <whether rachides are adaxially grooved (Polhill and Vidal 1981)>/
1. with adaxially grooved rachides <often with bridges or glands between the leaflet insertions>/
2. with rachides adaxially ridged <not grooved>/
#14. Venation <of leaves or leaflets>/
1. palmate, parallel or fan-like/
2. neither palmate nor parallel nor fan-like <implicit>/
#15. Leaflets <whether many or few per leaf>/
1. many per leaf <many leaves with eleven or more>/
2. few per leaf <most leaves with two to ten>/
#16. Leaflets <whether bases are markedly asymmetrical>/
1. markedly asymmetrical at the base <the lower half extending further down the midrib, and the laterals often more or less palmate in its base; the upper half often narrower, sometimes much reduced so that the ‘midrib’ is almost marginal>/
2. symmetrical or nearly so at their bases/
#17. Leaflets <insertion in pinnate leaves>/
1. <mostly> opposite or sub-opposite/
2. <mostly> alternate/
#18. Leaflets <whether having a continuous marginal nerve>/
1. with a strong, continuous marginal nerve/
2. without a continuous marginal nerve/
#19. Leaflets <whether petiolulate>/
1. petiolulate/
2. sessile to sub-sessile/
#20. Leaflets <whether petiolules twisted (applicable only to pinnate leaves)>/
1. with markedly twisted petiolules/
2. with petiolules not noticeably twisted/
#21. <Parkinsonia:>/
1. usually having at least some bipinnate leaves with short, spine-tipped rachides and flattened pinnae/
2. never having bipinnate leaves with short, spine-tipped rachides and flattened pinnae <implicit>/
#22. Stipules <presence, persistence (little information available on straightforward presence/absence)>/
1. absent or early caducous or very inconspicuous <in mature leaves>/
2. present, persistent and <more or less> conspicuous <in mature leaves>/
#23. Stipules <presence, form (better data required, for more precise character states)>/
1. leafy/
2. spinescent/
3. neither leafy nor spinescent/
#24. Stipules <insertion>/
1. <more or less> connate/
2. not connate <separate, or joined only at the base>/
#25. Stipels <presence>/
1. present/
2. absent/
#26. Flowers <size/showiness>/
1. small/
2. large/
3. showy/
#27. Flowers <sexuality>/
1. <normally> hermaphrodite/
2. <normally at least some> unisexual/
#28. Flowers <symmetry>/
1. pentamerous <throughout K, C and A: K5, C5, A5, 10 or 15>/
2. not pentamerous throughout/
#29. Flowers departing from pentamery <whorls involved>/
1. in the calyx/
2. in the corolla/
3. in the androecium/
#30. Flowers <(calyx and/or corolla) colour>/
1. white or green/
2. <at least partially> coloured/
#31. Flowers <arrangement in inflorescence>/
1. in simple racemes/
2. in simple corymbs/
3. in fascicled inflorescences/
4. in panicles/
#32. Flowers <insertion>/
1. distichous <in the inflorescence>/
2. not distichous <spiralled, or clustered>/
#33. Inflorescences <position>/
1. axillary/
2. terminal/
#34. Inflorescences <whether racemose or cymose>/
1. of racemose units/
2. of cymose units/
3. of solitary flowers/
#35. Bracts <persistence (little information available on straightforward presence/absence)>/
1. absent at anthesis <i.e., early caducous or absent>/
2. persistent beyond anthesis/
#36. Bracteoles <presence>/
1. present/
2. absent/
#37. Bracteoles <form>/
1. small, not enclosing the flower buds/
2. relatively large and enclosing the flower buds/
#38. Bracteoles <presence, persistence>/
1. absent at anthesis <i.e., early caducous or absent altogether>/
2. <present and> persistent beyond anthesis/
#39. Bracteoles <aestivation>/
1. valvate/
2. <at least the lobes> not valvate <imbricate or distant>/
#40. Bracteoles <whether connate>/
1. connate/
2. free/
#41. Hypanthium <presence>/
1. present/
2. absent/
#42. Length of floral tube <hypanthium plus any calyx tube> relative to total hypanthium plus calyx length, about/
#43. Calyx <coherence of members>/
1. gamosepalous/
2. polysepalous <includes ‘segments separate to the hypanthium’>/
#44. Calyx <enclosure of flower buds>/
1. covering the rest of the flower in bud/
2. not covering the rest of the flower in bud/
#45. Calyx <symmetry>/
1. more or less regular <the segments more or less equal>/
2. markedly zygomorphic <the segments very unequal; includes bilabiate>/
#46. Calyx <number of sepals or lobes>/
partite/
#47. Calyx <aestivation>/
1. imbricate/
2. not imbricate <valvate or sub-valvate, or the segments separate in bud>/
#48. Calyx <whether Swartzieae type>/
1. Swartzieae type (closed before flowering, splitting more or less irregularly into valvate lobes or teeth)/
2. not Swartzieae type <implicit>/
#49. Corolla <presence>/
1. present <include any minute petals>/
2. absent/
#50. Corolla <symmetry>/
1. actinomorphic/
2. slightly zygomorphic/
3. very zygomorphic/
#51. Corolla <coherence of members>/
1. gamopetalous/
2. polypetalous/
#52. Corolla <whether incorporating tiny or vestigial members>/
1. including greatly reduced <tiny or more or less vestigial> petals/
2. without any greatly reduced <tiny or vestigial> petals/
#53. Petals <colour (/
1. white <or greenish>/
2. yellow <to orange>/
3. <pink to> red <to purple>/
#54. Petals <number, including any tiny members>/
#55. Petals <aestivation>/
1. imbricate/
2. valvate/
#56. Petals <direction of aestivation>/
1. imbricate-ascending <the posterior petal (vexillum) inside>/
2. imbricate-descending (papilionaceous) with the posterior petal (vexillum) outside/
#57. Clawed petals <presence>/
1. present <i.e., at least one>/
2. absent/
#58. Disk <presence>/
1. present and conspicuous/
2. absent <or very inconspicuous>/
#59. Androecium <number of parts, including any staminodes>/
1. of fewer than ten parts/
2. of ten parts/
3. of more than ten parts/
#60. Androecium <coherence of parts>/
1. with united members <i.e., at least some united at least at the base; include any staminodes>/
2. members all free of one another/
#61. Androecium <relative lengths of members (stamens and any staminodes)>/
1. members all more or less equal in length/
2. members markedly unequal/
#62. Androecium <presence of staminodia (information lacking on numbers of staminodia)>/
1. with staminodia/
2. without staminodia/
#63. Fertile stamens <number; ‘many’ arbitrarily scored as ‘26 or more’>/
#64. Anthers <position of attachment to filament>/
1. attached at base of connective/
2. attached well above base of connective <implies anther versatile>/
#65. <Anther> dehiscence <orientation>/
1. introrse/
2. lateral/
#66. <Nature of anther> dehiscence/
1. <dehiscing at least initially> via pores or short slits/
2. longitudinal/
#67. Ovary <insertion>/
1. sessile or subsessile/
2. stipitate/
#68. Ovary <adnation>/
1. free/
2. excentric with <more or less> adnate stipe <stipe adnate to the receptacle, calyx or hypanthium>/
#69. Stigma <whether peltate (information for more precise character states not available>/
1. peltate <or at least, distinctly sub-peltate>/
2. not peltate <implicit>/
#70. Ovules <number (insufficient information available to record as a numeric character)>/
1. few <2–5>/
2. numerous <more than 5>/
3. solitary/
#71. Fruit <type>/
1. a follicle/
2. a two-valved pod/
3. indehiscent/
#72. Fruit <texture>/
1. becoming distinctly woody/
2. not becoming woody <leathery, fleshy, membranous etc.>/
#73. Fruit <whether drupaceous>/
1. drupaceous/
2. not drupaceous/
#74. Fruit <whether straight or curved>/
1. <more or less> straight/
2. <distinctly> curved/
#75. Fruit <whether internally septate>/
1. internally septate <the seeds separated>/
2. not internally septate/
#76. Fruit <whether having conspicuous veins when mature>/
1. with prominent, raised veins <ignore sutures>/
2. without prominent raised veins/
#77. Fruit <alignment of conspicuous veins at maturity>/
1. with the prominent veins predominantly longitudinal/
2. with <oblique, transverse or reticulate> veins other than the longitudinal ones predominating <ignore sutures for this assessment>/
#78. Fruit <whether winged>/
1. conspicuously winged/
2. not winged/
#79. Fruit <whether the valves twist on dehiscence>/
1. valves twisting and enrolling during dehiscence/
2. without markedly twisting or enrolling valves/
#80. Seeds <whether endospermic>/
1. endospermic/
2. non-endospermic/
#81. Seeds <whether arillate>/
1. arillate/
2. not arillate/
#82. Seeds <radicle shape>/
1. with a straight or slightly oblique radicle/
2. with an inflexed radicle/
#83. Seeds <amyloid in cotyledons and/or any endosperm (Kooiman 1960)>/
1. amyloid-positive/
2. amyloid-negative/
#84. Seeds <(amyloid-negative) whether with galactomannan or starch (Kooiman 1960)>/
1. with galactomannan/
2. with starch/
#85. Cotyledons <form, texture>/
1. <‘foliaceous’ or> flat/
2. <not ‘foliaceous’,> not flat <fleshy, folded, wrinkled etc.>/
#86. Cotyledons of <type (Smith 1981)>/
1. Type 1 <leaflike, folded in seed, expanding on germination, with abundant palisade>/
2. Type 2 <leaflike, flat in seed, expanding on germination, with abundant palisade>/
3. Type 3 <fleshy storage organs, with little or no expansion on germination; some imprecisely demarcated palisade>/
4. Type 4 <fleshy storage organs, with no expansion on germination; no palisade>/
#87. Cotyledons <(fleshy), vascular arrangement (Smith 1981)>/
1. with a vascular system in one plane/
2. with a vascular system ramified throughout/
#88. Cotyledons <germination type>/
1. epigeal/
2. hypogeal/
#89. Leaves <presence of phloem transfer cells (Watson and Gunning 1981)>/
1. with <more or less> conspicuous phloem transfer cells in the minor veins/
2. without conspicuous phloem transfer cells in the minor veins/
#90. Druses <presence in the mesophyll>/
1. common in the mesophyll/
2. absent from <or very rare in> the mesophyll/
#91. Mesophyll secretory cavities <presence>/
1. <which are usually visible as> (gland-dots) common/
2. absent <or very rare, i.e., leaves not gland-dotted>/
#92. Mesophyll secretory cavities <type>/
1. epithelium-lined/
2. without a lining of epithelium/
#93. Adaxial hypodermis <presence>/
1. present/
2. absent/
#94. Leaf girders <sclerenchymatous or fibrous, occurrence>/
1. common (the veins transcurrent)/
2. absent <or very rare, the veins ‘embedded’: ignore midribs of leaves and leaflets>/
#95. Laminae <mesophyll organisation>/
1. isobilateral, with adaxial and abaxial palisades/
2. dorsiventral/
#96. Mesophyll <presence of unaligned fibres or sclereids>/
1. exhibiting fibres or sclereids which are unaligned with the vascular bundles/
2. without unaligned fibres or sclereids/
#97. Minor veins <fibre accompaniment>/
1. mainly with abundant accompanying fibres/
2. lacking accompanying fibrous tissue/
#98. Epidermal crystals <presence>/
1. present <adaxially and/or abaxially>/
2. not seen either adaxially or abaxially/
#99. Epidermal crystals <form>/
1. prisms/
2. druses/
#100. Simple unbranched hairs <presence>/
1. common <adaxially and/or abaxially on the laminae>/
2. not seen/
#101. Simple unbranched hairs <surface texture>/
1. scabrid/
2. smooth/
#102. <Presence on the laminae of compound or branched eglandular hairs:>/
1. compound or branched eglandular hairs present/
2. no compound or branched eglandular hairs seen/
#103. <Presence on the laminae of peltate or> capitate glands/
1. present/
2. not seen/
#104. Hooked hairs <presence on the laminae>/
1. present <adaxially and/or abaxially>/
2. not seen/
#105. Cassieae-type leaf pseudo-glands <presence on the laminae>/
1. present <adaxially and/or abaxially>/
2. not seen/
#106. Expanded and embedded hair-feet <presence on the laminae>/
1. present <adaxially and/or abaxially>/
2. absent/
#107. Expanded and embedded hair-feet <wall structure>/
1. all medium to thick-walled/
2. (at least some of them) thin-walled/
#108. Expanded and embedded hair feet <complexity>/
1. (at least some of them) complex with vertical walls/
2. all simple, without vertical walls/
#109. Basally bent hairs <presence on the laminae>/
1. present <abaxially and/or adaxially>/
2. absent/
#110. Adaxial interveinal epidermal cell walls <shape>/
1. <more or less> straight <or gently undulating> in optical section/
2. markedly sinuous <or tessellated, at least> in high-focus optical section/
#111. Adaxial interveinal epidermal cell walls <whether pitted>/
1. conspicuously pitted <in optical section>/
2. not conspicuously pitted <in optical section>/
#112. Adaxial interveinal epidermal cell walls <thickness in outer optical section>/
1. thick/
2. medium-thick/
3. of medium thickness/
4. medium-thin/
5. thin/
#113. Stomata <adaxial, occurrence>/
1. adaxially common and widespread/
2. adaxially <absent or> very rare <or very localised, e.g., only near main veins>/
#114. Abaxial stomata <form>/
1. <ignoring those over veins, and giants> predominantly paracytic/
2. not predominantly paracytic <actinocytic, cyclocytic, anomocytic or a mixture>/
#115. Abaxial epidermis <papillation>/
1. papillate interveinally/
2. not papillate <interveinally>/
#116. Abaxial epidermis <whether papillae over-arch or obscure the stomata>/
1. with papillae <more or less> over-arching <or obscuring> the stomata/
2. with the papillae not over-arching the stomata/
#117. Abaxial interveinal epidermal cell walls <shape>/
1. straight, or gently undulating/
2. markedly sinuous <or tessellated, at least> in high-focus optical section/
#118. Abaxial interveinal epidermal cell walls <whether pitted>/
1. conspicuously pitted in optical section/
2. not conspicuously pitted in optical section/
#119. Abaxial interveinal epidermal cell walls <affinity for safranin>/
1. scarcely staining with safranin/
2. staining normally with safranin/
#120. Abaxial interveinal epidermal cell walls <thickness in outer optical section>/
1. thick/
2. medium-thick/
3. of medium thickness/
4. medium-thin/
5. thin/
#121. Wood <presence of septate fibres>/
1. with septate fibres/
2. without septate fibres/
#122. Wood <organisation>/
1. <at least partially> storied/
2. not storied/
#123. Wood <presence of normal intercellular canals>/
1. with normal intercellular canals/
2. without normal intercellular canals/
#124. Wood <presence of traumatic canals>/
1. with traumatic canals/
2. without traumatic canals/
#125. Intervascular pits <size>/
1. very small <3 microns, or less>/
2. medium to large <more than 3 microns>/
#126. Tectum <of pollen grains, general surface pattern>/
1. punctate/
2. reticulate/
3. striate/
4. papillate/
#127. Tectum <of pollen grains, punctation type>/
1. smooth punctate, or puncticulate/
2. rugulose punctate/
#128. Tectum <of pollen grains, reticulation type>/
1. finely to moderately regularly reticulate/
2. strongly irregularly coarse-reticulate/
3. rugulose reticulate/
4. verrucose reticulate/
#129. Tectum <of pollen grains, striation type>/
1. pole to pole striate/
2. reticulate striate/
3. interwoven striate/
#130. Tectum <of pollen grains, papillation type>/
1. simple papillate <i.e., not reticulate papillate>/
2. reticulate papillate/
#131. Length of colpi/
1. greater than one half pole to pole distance/
2. less than one half pole to pole distance/
#132. Foot layer of pollen wall <texture>/
1. smooth/
2. with obvious projections/
#133. Basic chromosome number, x = <Goldblatt 1981>/
#134. 2n = <diploid chromosome number: data from Adv. Leg. Syst. 1981>/
#135. <Number of species:>/
species/
#136. <World distribution, for identification only:>/
1. Western Eurasia, U.S.S.R. <includes Iran, Iraq, Turkey>/
2. Mediterranean/
3. Eastern Asia <Japan, China to India>/
4. Africa <and Saudi Arabia>/
5. Madagascar/
6. Pacific <Malaysia, Indonesia, Australasia, Pacific islands>/
7. North America <U.S.A., Mexico>/
8. South and Central America/
9. West Indies/
#137. <Geographical distribution:>/
#138. <Whether widely cultivated (preliminary data only; information on economic uses not yet compiled):>/
1. widely cultivated/
2. not widely cultivated/
#139. <Tribe:>/
1. Caesalpinieae/
2. Cassieae/
3. Cercideae/
4. Detarieae <Amherstieae of Cowan and Polhill indicated in the descriptions>/
5. Swartzieae (Papilionoideae)/
The interactive key provides access to the character list, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting specified attributes, and summaries of attributes within groups of taxa.
Cite this publication as: ‘Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 1993 onwards. The genera of Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae and Swartzieae: descriptions, identification, and information retrieval. In English and French; French translation by E. Chenin. Version: 22nd March 2009. http://delta-intkey.com’.