The Families of Flowering Plants
The Families of Flowering Plants | |
~ Burmanniaceae, Orchidaceae
Including Achratinitaceae Barkley
Habit and leaf form. Reduced, saprophytic herbs. Leaves much reduced (to scales). Plants saprophytic. Perennial; rhizomatous, or tuberous. Mesophytic. Leaves small; alternate; spiral; membranous; sessile; sheathing; simple; epulvinate. Lamina entire; parallel-veined; without cross-venules.
General anatomy. Plants without silica bodies.
Leaf anatomy. Stomata anomocytic.
Stem anatomy. Cork cambium absent. Secondary thickening absent.
Reproductive type, pollination. Plants hermaphrodite (Corsia), or monoecious.
Inflorescence, floral, fruit and seed morphology. Flowers solitary; terminal; ebracteate; very irregular; zygomorphic. The floral irregularity involving the perianth. Flowers 3 merous; cyclic. Perigone tube present.
Perianth of ‘tepals’; 6; joined; 2 whorled (3+3); isomerous; petaloid; different in the two whorls (in that the posterior member of the outer whorl is large and coloured, and encloses the other five, which are linear-spathulate).
Androecium 6. Androecial members free of the perianth; free of one another; 2 whorled. Androecium exclusively of fertile stamens. Stamens 6; diplostemonous. Anthers dehiscing via longitudinal slits; extrorse. Microsporogenesis successive. Pollen shed as single grains. Pollen grains aperturate; 1 aperturate; sulcate, or ulcerate.
Gynoecium 3 carpelled. Carpels isomerous with the perianth. The pistil 1 celled. Gynoecium syncarpous; synstylovarious; inferior. Ovary 1 locular. Gynoecium stylate. Styles 1; apical. Stigmas 3 (thick). Placentation parietal (the three placentae more or less intruded, two-lobed). Ovules in the single cavity 25–100 (i.e. ‘many’); anatropous; bitegmic; tenuinucellate. Embryo-sac development Polygonum-type. Endosperm formation helobial.
Fruit non-fleshy; dehiscent; a capsule. Capsules valvular. Fruit 25–100 seeded (‘many’). Seeds endospermic. Endosperm oily, or not oily. Seeds minute, or small; winged. Embryo rudimentary at the time of seed release. Testa without phytomelan.
Geography, cytology. Australian and Antarctic. Sub-tropical to tropical. New Guinea, Australia, Solomon Is., Chile. X = 9.
Taxonomy. Subclass Monocotyledonae. Superorder Liliiflorae; Burmanniales. APG (1998) Monocot; non-commelinoid; unassigned at ordinal level. Species 10. Genera 2; Corsia, Arachnitis.
This description is offered for casual browsing only. We strongly advise against extracting comparative information from it. This is much more easily achieved using the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting specified attributes, summaries of attributes within groups of taxa, geographical distribution, genera included in each family, classifications (Dahlgren; Dahlgren, Clifford, and Yeo; Cronquist; APG), and notes on the APG classification.
Cite this publication as: ‘Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 1992 onwards. The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. Version: 10th April 2008. http://delta-intkey.com’.